Promissory Estoppel Essay

Sometimes an agreement without consideration will be enforced. This happens when a promise which foreseeably induces promisee to act or forebear becomes binding because injustice can only be avoided by enforcement of the promise. Promise A promise is an assurance, in whatever form or expression that a thing will or will not be done. Actual Reliance The promisee must actually and justifiably rely on the promise by the other. Detriment Promisee must have relied on the promise to his detriment. Foreseeable Reliance The promisee’s reliance must be reasonably foreseeable to promisor. Injustice Cannot be Avoided In deciding if injustice can be avoided courts will consider: 1.Availability and adequacy of other remedies, particularly restitution or cancellation. 2.The definite and substantial character of the action or forbearance in relation to remedy sought. 3.Extent to which the action or forbearance corroborates evidence of the making and terms of the promise. 4.Reasonableness of action or forbearance. 5.Extent to which the action or forbearance was foreseeable by promisor.

Tourism Project for San Juan

Project Proposal:Multidisciplinary Research Programs Towards the Realization of Sustainable Integrated Tourism Development for the Municipality of San Juan I. Proponent:University of Batangas through the Center for Research, Publications, and Extension and the Batangas Heritage Center II. Duration:January 2013 – June 2013 III. Implementing Agency :University of Batangas through its agencies and the Municipality of San Juan, Batangas through the Office of the Mayor and the Municipal CouncilIV. Funding Agency:Municipality of San Juan, Batangas V. Brief Description of the Project: San Juan, a first class municipality and the second largest town in the Province of Batangas, has been considered in its admirable history as the cradle of heroism and bravery. The geography and culture of San Juan, now famous both nationally and internationally have elevated the status of this municipality to rank it amongst the most attractive destinations in the Philippines.However, San Juan’s potential to soar to greater heights needs to be discovered through the assistance of an academic institution who have proven to be capable of providing the support to San Juan because of its research experiences and capabilities. This is the reason why the University of Batangas and the Municipality of San Juan should work hand in hand so that a dream for greatness may be achieved.University of Batangas is an institution known not only for its ability to produce quality graduates but also for its capability to come up with multi-disciplinary research that will be beneficial for the developmental projects of the Municipality of San Juan. This capability of UB is proven by the quality refereed research paper that it produced covering the different disciplines from the sciences and mathematics, to humanities and social sciences.For the San Juan research programs, UB will make available its manpower resources through the UB Center for Research, Publications, and Extension (CRPE) and t he following will make up the research structure of UB for San Juan Projects: 1. Consultants for the Project: a. Dr. Abegayle Machelle Perez-Chua, UB Vice President for Academic Affairs and Dean of the UB College of Allied Medical Sciences b. Atty. Jesus Victor Mayo, UB Vice President for Students and External Affairs c. Dr. Florencio V. Reyes, UB Assistant Vice President for Academics, Research, and Accreditations . Clusters: a. Humanities (Philosophy, History, Culture, and the Arts), Social Science, and Teacher Education – to be headed by Dr. Lionel E. Buenaflor, whose research inclinations are on history, philosophy, and the arts. This cluster will focus on the study of the ceremonies, cultural texts, and other cultural material forms, festivals and their significance, historical narratives, social organizations, arts and crafts for the purpose of promoting the identity of the Batanguenos in general and of the people of San Juan, in particular.This cluster will be in charg e of the cultural and historical mapping and its intended output is to develop a heritage tour on San Juan’s colonial church, ancestral houses, and historical sites. b. Ecology and Natural Resources Management – this cluster will be headed by Dr. Percival Arthur Timothy Showers, whose field of expertise is on Marine Science, Oceanography and Environmental Sciences. The cluster will focus on both the aquatic and the terrestrial, i. e. , on the aspects of ecology that are significant and have potential for tourism activities.The researches on ecology under this cluster are expected to pave the way for adventure tourism in San Juan because it will identify and establish paths and jungle tracks for trekking, swimming, boat-hiring, kayaking, as well as birds, bats, plants, and aquatic species for photography, research, and sight-seeing. c. Socio-Economic Researches – This cluster will be in-charge of the socio-demographic profiling, the commodity flow and market patt erns, as well as the socio-economic profiling and resource use patterns of San Juan.This cluster will be headed by Prof. Grace A. Perdiguerra (Ph. D. Candidate) who is a native of San Juan and whose expertise also includes literature and the arts. By analyzing the socio-economic profile of the people of San Juan, the cluster will be responsible for creating activities and organizing seminars and workshops for livelihood programs, leading to the development of tourism in the municipality of San Juan. d. Environmental Sustainability – This cluster will be headed by Engr. Alma M. Kalaw (Ph.D. Candidate) whose field of expertise is not only Civil Engineering but also Environmental Engineering. This cluster will focus its study on potable water, waste water, solid wastes, road network availability, as well as on fuel sources. e. Tourism Development and Sustainability – This cluster will be headed by Prof. Jane Katrine Atienza (MA Candidate) whose expertise is on Tourism Ind ustry. This cluster will deal on the potentiality of San Juan to provide tourism services present in the area.It is the responsibility of this cluster to coordinate with other clusters in order to design the type of tourism that can be applicable in the different areas of San Juan. The services that it will provide for San Juan will include the analysis of amenities and facilities, transport and access, energy, water and waste management, as well as on the promotion and marketing of the whole of Municipality of San Juan as a tourist destination.The potential of San Juan as a tourism destination will be assessed through organizational interviews, community consultation and the bio-physical assessment from the preceding clusters above. f. Business Training and Development – This cluster will focus on organizing seminars and workshops for the people of the Municipality of San Juan in order to make the SanJuenos well-prepared for tourism activities and other entrepreneurial endea vors. This cluster will be headed by Prof. Francia Yvette Magpantay, MA, the head of the HRM Department in the College of Tourism and Hospitality Management in UB.This cluster has the aim of developing trainings for culinary arts and technical competencies for hotel and resort managements. g. Human Resource Management – This cluster will be headed by Dr. Catalino Mendoza. (please continue) This program of researches involving different clusters underscores the principle that tourism should be perceived as a supplementary, and not as an alternative source of income—an economic activity supplemental to the social functions of the residents as resource users and managers.It is expected that the output of the researches on the different areas will lead to extension programs that will address the perennial issues on environmental preservation and conservation, livelihood, youth rehabilitation programs, curriculum and educational programs designed for institutions like Day Care Centers, churches, and institutions that are responsible for culture and arts preservation.It is the aim of this research program to carefully analyze the present skills and knowledge of the people of San Juan so as to assess the necessity to render trainings in order to empower the local populace to manage their own tourism and to create methods for environmental protection. The project â€Å"Multidisciplinary Research Programs Towards the Realization of Sustainable Integrated Tourism Development for the Municipality of San Juan† is developed in order to provide technical support for San Juan towards the realization of the following objectives: . To come up with a promotional campaign plan for the Municipality of San Juan relative to the organization of tourism programs (which includes agri-tourism, heritage tourism, community-based tourism, adventure tourism, eco-tourism, and aquaculture tourism). This promotional campaign plan will be based from the cultural, historic al, and terrestrial mapping of the Municipality of San Juan in order to identify places where activities for tourism programs will be conducted.In addition to this, the promotional campaign plan will pave the way for the creation of a Municipal Museum and a Cultural Center where the culture of San Juan will be showcased and promoted. This is again through the technical support that UB will be providing to the people of San Juan. 2. To provide San Juan with livelihood and well-being workshops, trainings, and seminars.UB-CRPE is set to tap the different colleges and departments of University of Batangas in order to organize livelihood trainings, seminars related to health awareness, and entrepreneurial workshops in order to guide the people towards the attainment of a better and more decent life. 3. To organize environmental awareness and protection programs. San Juan has been endowed by God with a fruitful land and a well-balanced ecology that is worthy of being preserved and develop ed.In this regard, UB CRPE’s research experience related to the ecosystem, as well as its linkages to agencies and NGO’s will be worthy enough to assist the Municipality of San Juan to come up with programs for the protection and improvement of San Juan’s ecosystem. It is the intention of UB to organize in San Juan an Ecology Society, which will be comprised of the SanJueno teachers, municipal workers, and other environmental enthusiast, whose job is to propagate species of San Juan’s flora and fauna as well as to protect environment and disseminate information on environmental protection.UB will also introduce to San Juan the Dark Green Project intended to the different public and private schools for the students to develop appreciation and initiatives on environmental protection. 4. To make plans for research trainings for municipal workers and teachers of both private and public schools in San Juan. Aside from the San Juan Ecology Society that UB inten ds to organize for the people of San Juan, it also has the intention of establishing a Historical Society, whose members are the SanJueno writers and historians and whose job is to conduct studies and researches on the history, culture, and the arts of San Juan.This is for the purpose of developing among the people of San Juan a great pride in their cultural heritage. Expected Output For this project proposal, the following will be the expected output based on the given objectives. I. Promotional Campaign Plan for the Municipality of San Juan 1. Resources Mapping a. Cultural Mapping b. Natural Resources Mapping c. Historical Mapping i. Built Heritage ii. Intangible Heritage 2. Organization of tourism programs a. Ecotourism b. Health and wellness tourism c.Heritage tourism d. Adventure tourism e. Agri-tourism f. Community-based tourism 3. Establishment of municipal museum and San Juan Cultural Center 4. Plans for development of promotional materials/collateral (brochures, maps, etc) 5. Training / workshop on conduct of tourist statistics 6. Linkage project with ABS-CBN for Travel Magazine Show and Publications 7. Technical assistance on organizing events for promotion of San Juan and its tourism industry II. Livelihood and Well-being workshops . TESDA Competency Skills Trainings i. Food and Beverage Services ii. Commercial Cooking iii. Front Office Service iv. Housekeeping Services v. Tour Guiding Services vi. Bartending b. ETEEAP Short-term Courses c. Workshop on developing tour packages d. Culinary Entrepreneurship e. Short term course on Creative Writing, Performing Arts & Visual Arts f. Cultural Entrepreneurship Course III. Environmental Awareness and Protection Programs a. Mangrove Rehabilitation b. Dark Green Project c.Lnd Surveying, site Development, Ground Water Resources Assessment d. Mapping of Flora and Fauna IV. Research Trainings a. Organization of San Juan Historical Society i. Publications of Local Book ii. Publication of Coffee Table books and C ookbook of San Juan foods and beverages b. Organization of San Juan Ecology Society c. Organization of Barangay Cooperatives d. Writing and Publication of Travel Guide Book Curriculum Vitae of the UB Researchers Educational background Seminars and trainings Professional Linkages

In Land Barge Transportation in Europe and China Research Paper

In Land Barge Transportation in Europe and China - Research Paper Example Europe on the other hand lies thousands of miles away from china and is an entire continent with tens of developed countries. This is arguably the only continent in the world consisting of only developed country. The region uses a single currency a factor that allows free movement of goods and labor across the countries in the continent. The region too has an effective transportation infrastructure, which includes state of the arts roads and efficient rail network coverage of the entire region. Apart from these, the region enjoys a wide access to major water world water bodies and a number of inland lakes all of which further necessitate the use of the inland barge as a means of transportation. With such backgrounds, the regions undeniably use inland barge as a means of transporting both goods and labor in and out of the regions. The history if the means of transport dates back to the seventeenth century when the regions used mundane technologies to power the machines. The efficiency the regions enjoyed from the use of the transportation system led to the development of the regions and the modern technology continues to perfect the machines to increase their reliability making them of utmost relevant to the modern society and the modern day development process. The topic is therefore researchable since it is evident that the mode of transport contributed to the development of the region and it is speculated that the two regions use different technologies to power the machines and employ the machines in different uses. The claim that inland barge is a more efficient means of transporting goods than rail and roads is also worth investigating since despite the claims, the two regions still have extensive road and rail coverage and use these to transport goods across the regions. Despite these, the geographical context of the two regions and the distance separating the two regions pose a great challenge in conducting the research (Kuada, 2012). The scope of the res earch is too wide to collect the data within the set period of two months. The research therefore requires a large budget if the researcher is to employ some of the involving means of data collection. However, to remedy the challenges posed by these, the research assumes both a qualitative and quantitative research structure. Fusing the two in most researches normally widens the scope of the research but the reach in this context is wide already and therefore complex. The qualitative aspect of the research vies the features of the means of transportation and the uniqueness of its employment in the different regions. Finding data for this type of research is not difficult since it all relies on the previous works done by other scholars and researchers (Rajendra, 2011). This therefore makes this aspect of the research a content analysis of the structures of the mode of transportation and the different features it possesses. The quantitative aspect of the research relies on the measura ble components of the transportation system in the two regions. This type of research makes comparison easier to conduct since the researcher will require only a workable variable or a number of workable variables that apply to both regions and compare

SLP - 2 Persuasive Memos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SLP - 2 Persuasive Memos - Essay Example In addition, I am also addressing workplace ethics with the hope that professionals will find a solution to help save the image of  the company. Therefore, I am remaining with the faith that this memo will be of a positive help and direction within the organization. The practice of cheating in the corporate culture is both hurting, and poses a great danger to the continuity of  the organization. I would appeal to the management to first find a way of instilling ethical behavior among the employees. Solomon (2012) says that management can do this through a number of methods that would result in a grand boost and help on organization’s ethical culture. Serious communication should be done to encourage members on the benefits of ethics in business. Making ethical decisions may be difficult but it surely is at the best interest of the business. All workers should ensure that whatever they do in the work place is right, and moral meant for the benefit of the firm. The main reas ons why ethics is necessary in business applies both at internal and external environments of any given organization. According to Solomon (2012), employees need to reciprocate ethical conduct to both  the customers who purchase goods and services, and to working partners who we share similar workplace settings. This is the best way we can appreciate their efforts in building healthy relationships; thus ensuring continuity of professionalism in service delivery. Since we really need customers to continue buying the company’s products, we have to demonstrate ethical practices. In this case, employees should ensure that they offer them the best of services that the company can deliver. This will serve to improve customer reliance and dependence on the company’s services. In addition, it will boost their confidence on the company’s profile; hence this positive image will eventually lead to increase in sales. This will also boost morale among workers for the good services they offer. In order to ensure success in ethical development programs, we will need both commitment and consistency among the staff. Management should encourage anybody with new ideas and any suggestions to bring them forward for consideration. The company can introduce new products to the market as a means of gaining a competitive advantage, and advertise  the company’s new policies.  These programs need to become practical since employees acknowledge the importance of good ethics in any business. According to Solomon (2012), ethics does not only help internally but also make the firm gain respect and appreciation at market segment levels. Proper action need to be taken to inform all people of the need of urgency in integrating ethics in daily routines. Management can achieve this by educating people on the behavior and actions they should learn to exhibit towards others in a work place. This education will go a long way towards making workers aware of their ac tions and implications that accompany their workplace conduct. In this context, management should strive towards creating a business that will respect ethics and encourage workers to become ethical in respective duties. Employees need to integrate the culture of ethics into their professional habits immediately upon joining the organization. Management should utilize professional code of conducts that lay down requisite behaviors and actions within the employee population. These

Interview about American Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interview about American Culture - Essay Example The first opposition was based on the fact that college students are most of the times not responsible individuals and having such a dangerous weapon with them is the worst idea ever. John tells me a brief story of how when he was in his freshman year he attended a fraternity party which he was curious to know what it was about and if he could fit or not. The only thing present other than numerous girls in semi-nude states were the many bottles of beer, cans and jugs of the beer as well as numerous drugs being smoked openly and being passed around. To cut the story short, fight erupted over a girl and beer bottles flew all over but what was vivid was the unmistakable sound of a gun and a body flying into the air and blood sputtering everywhere. Three students had been shot and one died. This was a drunken mistake which is the order of the weekend and sometimes even weekdays for the college students. They drink and their thinking becomes impaired and hence cannot comprehend the magnitude of having such a weapon at hand. According to him fatalities or serious injuries are bound to be the order of the day for the college administration to clean up. They will shoot their opponents or those who anger them in a drunken mistake that cannot be undone when one sobers up. The other reason that makes him oppose such a moral issue in America is the intensity in which aspiring student leaders’ campaign to be elected. These elections are so intense and tension as well as temper rises. It is not uncommon for fights to erupt between supporters of these opponents where minor injuries occur. He explained that if students are allowed to carry concealed weapons no matter what restrictions may be applied, they are bound to appear in such demonstrations and campaign and people are bound to get hurt in the long run. He insists that the states that have already authorized such a

Stereotype paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stereotype paper - Essay Example that sometimes, maybe many times, we are actually just as guilty as the next person of making incorrect snap judgments based upon another person’s appearance alone rather than any inherent qualities. These judgments are based more upon what we understand about that type of person from what we’ve been taught or by comparing them with other elements of our experience. Many of these understandings are shaped by the media outlets we pay attention to. I never believed I was a very judgmental person and didn’t really feel I acted on stereotypes until I had an experience that opened my eyes. At the time, I was working in an auto parts store and was the only person manning the store when a new customer walked in. It was a woman and, although I didn’t really stop to think about my reaction to her, I realize that it was based mostly on what I understood of this kind of woman on how her type was portrayed in the movies. There were few facts involved in my decisions regarding the girl. The woman was blonde, skinny, young and dressed fashionably well. Her big, blue eyes seemed overwhelmed at the materials in the automotive shop and she wandered around the aisles as if lost. Without even thinking about it, I made an instant assessment of her based upon her looks that qualifies as stereotyping. Her appearance was really the only fact I had to go on before making my assessment, but this was enough to me to feel as if I had correctly identified her personality and ability. The other fact I was working on was the fact that I had very few female customers. My typical customers were men, ranging in age from teenage through old man, and they were usually dressed in oil-smeared clothes that had little resemblance to their original color or shape. The few women who came into the shop were regulars and they were usually only distinguishable from the men in the length of their hair and the higher pitch of their voice. Comparison to what I knew was also strongly

American Government and Politics Today Research Paper

American Government and Politics Today - Research Paper Example However some proponents support the electoral college as a good system and therefore need no reform. This essay explores the proponents’ arguments for electoral college Reforms and why some people think it should not be reformed. Electoral College Reform The system of electing the presidents through the use of an electoral college is considered an outdated mechanism of an electoral process, and therefore need to be reformed. It is seen to deny the citizens the voice to choose a leader of their choice as the selected group forming the electoral colleges that represent the larger group may be compromised and not elect the leader who is popular with the rest of citizens (Formisano 193). It is also prone to interference by the independent candidates. It should therefore be reformed and replaced by a system of direct election of a presidential candidate with an instant runoff if the clear winner is not produced. This will give every citizen a chance to vote and elect a leader of th eir choice. The electoral college system also needs a reform in order to replace it with a system where the electorate are allowed to vote directly with a popularity rule system where every voter will be given an opportunity to cast one vote for a preferred candidate. The candidate who gets the most votes will be declared the automatic winner. This system is seen to reflect the will of the people as opposed to the Electoral College system where voting is a representation of third parties. Direct voting system will also eliminate the Electoral College’s system that essentially dilutes the votes of the people as it is prone to compromise and betrayal by the third parties. The Electoral College system needs to be reformed to such an extent as to be replaced with a system that is democratic; one that reflects the people’s wishes. This is because with the Electoral College system which in some cases involves maximization of power by assigning all the representative votes to the winner with most votes is so undemocratic. This in most cases result in a situation where a candidate who wins the nationwide popular votes, still looses in an electoral college. This has been witnessed in the United States elections in recent years (Stromberg 769). The electoral college system only see presidential candidates concentrate on key vote battle grounds, this makes them consider only the interests of a few voters found on those key states ignoring other states. It should therefore be replaced with the direct popular voting system where the candidates are forced to carry out vigorous campaigns across the whole country. This will promote democracy and allow for equal participation across the country. It will also promote high voter turn-outs and eliminate voter apathy associated with the electoral colleges system. This is because voters will be assured that their votes make a difference in choosing the candidate of their choice. However, reforming the electoral system is arguably a bad idea according to Rohwer (215). The proponent of the electoral college system argue that the system avoids the instance of a presidential run off. In many instances a winner is declared as soon as the result shows that the candidate has the majority votes as the provisional results in most cases are ignored. The direct popular system of election is also seen to interfere with the federal system of

Green Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Green Business - Assignment Example I have decided to install some renewable source of power that does not require any fossil fuels such as coal, petrol or diesel. Also by using such renewable source of power, I will help reduce the load of CO2 from the environment. For renewable source of energy, it has been decided to install solar PV cell based system that not only meets my energy requirements but will produce surplus electricity that will be sold at the prevailing rates to the electrical grid. The advantage is that the PV based solar energy is covered for feed-in-tariffs for the generation of renewable power and that is how this project can generate decent revenue even after meeting captive requirements. Producing and Selling Green Energy The technology selected is Solar PV cell based with inverter, batteries and meters. PV cells or in scientific world known as photovoltaic is heart of the system. The benefit with such technology is that it is eco-friendly–without any harmful effects on environment. It requi res only one-time capital investment and there is no operating cost involved. Maintenance cost is hardly any except batteries that need to be replaced only after 3-4 year period. The photovoltaic cells are made of silicon microchips or wafers and due to their unique property they absorb solar energy to produce electrical energy. Higher the solar energy, more the electrical current or power it can produce. The direct current can be converted into AC current by the equipment called inverter and the power can be stored in the array of batteries. A typical PV based solar energy system can be shown as per the following diagram. Source: http://homepower.com/basics/solar/#MainDCDisconnect Project Report for PV based Solar System Installation Capacity- 10kWh Name of the Company Producing PV Solar System 1. Freesource Energy, UK 2. Techno Sun, UK 3. First Solar, US 4. Solar Europa, UK The plan is to produce 10 kW-hour of renewable source of energy with captive consumption of 5kW-hour and bal ance will be sold to the electric grid at the prevailing rates. Costs The current cost of 2.77kW-hour system is found to be ?11,000 (including VAT at 5%). The investment required for 10kW-hour system is approximately ? 45,000. (Solar Electricity) Consumption The Production unit will consume 2kW and balance 8 kW will be sold to the grid through a scheme called feed-in-tariffs. Understanding Feed-in-Tariffs The Feed-in-Tariffs are available to those who own and produce renewable source of energy. The tariffs for Solar PV based unit for 4-10kW production unit are 37.8p/kWh of energy. The benefit is available for the duration of 25 years. (Tariff Levels†¦ 2011) Revenue Calculation A) By Selling Surplus Power The surplus power that is available is 8kW and that can be sold to grid. Considering daily production for about 12 hours, the per day revenue will incur 37.8?8?12 =?36.28 Considering 150 days of solar energy production in a year (number of days solar energy available) it will g enerate revenue of 150?36.28= ?5443 B) Saving Incurred by Captive Consumption Captive consumption is again 2kW and since no operating cost is involved to produce it, whatever payment is made in buying grid electricity is now saved. Considering conventional average grid electricity charges of 10p per kWh, and working of 10 hours in a day, per day saving comes to 2?10?10=?2 Again, assuming available benefit for 150 days (number of days s

The Coming of Age in the Jewish Tradition Essay Example for Free

The Coming of Age in the Jewish Tradition Essay My Bar Mitzvah will be taking place on my 13th Birthday, 27th of January 2002. I would like to invite you to the ceremony in my local Synagogue. The ceremony is held on the first Shabbat after my birthday, this will be the 2nd of February. Shabbat starts on Friday evening at sunset and it finishes on Saturday night when the stars appear, we rest on Shabbat we devote ourselves to prayer at the Torah study, it is a family time. Bar Mitzvah means son of the commandments. I will be exactly Bar Mitzvah on the 27th as soon as I wake up. From then on I will be an adult in the Jewish community, I will take responsibility for my own actions where my Father used to, and I make a commitment to my faith. I will enter a covenant relationship with God, both as an individual and as a part of the Jewish community. When we are Bar Mitzvah we will be able to form a minyan, which is the required 10 men needed present in a Synagogue before prayers can be read. In preparation for the ceremony I will have to: Go to classes to learn to read and chant the Torah in Hebrew, what it says and why it is important. Hebrew is especially hard to learn because it is written from right to left and there are no spaces, punctuation or vowels! I will learn how to put on my tefillin and tallit. The tefillin are special boxes Jews wear when praying they contain pieces of parchment with prayers written on them. They are worn on the head and arm because the arm is close to the heart and the head is closer to my thoughts and feelings. And the tallit is a prayer robe worm during morning prayers. It is a four-cornered square of white cloth worn over the head and shoulders and has tassels called tizits, although they will not be worn at Bar Mitzvah as it is a Shabbat and they arent worn then. I have to learn what the mitzvot are and how they are to be kept. They are the 613 commandments; the 10 commandments known in Christianity are included also. I also have to learn to observe the fast says and festivals of my religion and what they mean. I learn these things because they are necessary to teach me about my religion and to make me understand its origins correctly. I learn them from my parents, not only from direct teaching but also from example, they create an environment for Jewish living for me to learn everything. During the ceremony held in the Synagogue I will recite a blessing from the Torah. My Rabbi is testing me on it. I have to practice the blessing and pass my test before I can recite it at the ceremony. I am also going to read all of the Sidra for that Shabbat, this means a portion of the Torah that would have been read at that Shabbat. My Father will recite Baruch Shepatarani. This reads: Blessed be he who has freed me from the responsibility for this child. And also, my Rabbit will then give a sermon, he speaks to me about the new obligations I will have and I will then give a speech. I have invited many people to my Bar Mitzvah, friends and family, including my little sister Marie, who is very excited, as she will be Bat Mitzvah in two years. Bat Mitzvah is the same as Bar Mitzvah except it is on her 12th birthday as girls mature earlier than boys do. It has not always been marked as a ceremony and is always sometimes on Shabbat. She will receive Jewish books and gifts and will recite a section of the Torah, as I will. Some Jews are unhappy with making any difference between the Jewish responsibilities of boys and girls. They hold Bat Mitzvah ceremony much like the boys Bar Mitzvah, usually when the girl is 13 as well. Order of the Service The service will be held in a special order, I thought you should know what will happen. * The Rabbi will read first * A relative or a friend will read (we havent decided who yet!) * Everyone recites the Shema. * The Amidah prayer is said silently by everyone * The Torah scroll is brought out of the Ark and placed on the Bimah. * A blessing is recited over it by me, I will be wearing my Tallit and Yarmulke * Then I will chant the days section from the Torah. * I might chant a section from the Prophets. * My Father says the Baruch Shepataraini. * All say prayers for the Queen of Israel, while scrolls are replaced in the Ark. * The Amidah prayer is said again. * The Kaddish prayer is said (for the recently bereaved) * The Aleynu (prayer of adoration) * Last is the Hymn of Glory The Shema is the most important Jewish prayer. The Ark is the most important part of the Synagogue; the Torah scrolls (Sefer Torah) are kept inside. They have to be read with a tool called a Yad, so the Torah is not touched with hands. After the ceremony n the Synagogue hall straight after the service there is a small celebration, tea and biscuits will be served. Later on there is a large banquet, some people think there is too much emphasis put on the banquet and that more should be put on the Synagogue ceremony, Rabbis think this especially. During the banquet I will deliver another speech to my friends and relatives. The Rabbi will choose the topic of my speech. I will receive presents off my friends and family, but the most important will be the Jewish holy books, because I will keep them forever and pray and worship off them. I hope you can come to my ceremony, I would love to see you there.

Designing a database for a supermarket Essay Example for Free

Designing a database for a supermarket Essay 1,1 The problem and how I discovered it- I discovered the problem when I was buying in this standard supermarket and I saw that some of the products where expired and were stale. I also noticed that some of the buyers or consumers were taking this product without knowing the consequences of them on their body. This is a picture of the supermarket. 1,2 The Business- This business is of a supermarket which is located in Alejandra del Castillo in San Fernando in the south of the Island of Gran Canaria. I was doing a survey on the supermarkets as a consumer when I discovered that some of the products were stale. I told the manager about the problem they asked me for help. 1,3 The real User- The manager is the in charge of dealing with these type of problems. Although in this case Mr.Angel, the manager is not able to find the solution to this problem. In this case I have decided to help him and to provide a better service to the customer. 1,4 The current problem and inefficient- The current main problem is that the manager or the employees arent getting to know when the food is going stale or is running out of date. Im being asked to create or to find some kind of solution to solve this major problem. There are many problems with the method that the employees are using now which is to go around checking each and every product for there date of expiry. They have been facing many problems with their method. For example: *There arent as many employees as needed for this method. *It might result a bit boring *Can produce headaches and blurry eyesight. *Different products have their expiry date stamped on a different place. This can be difficult to find. *Maybe some of the products arent visible to the employees and do not look for their expiry dates. 1,5 The manual and PC way- Manual way-This problem can be solved by making six different sections and assigning six different people to look for the expiry date. Also I would like to include that it would also make the in-charges life more easier if the products were placed in a more visible and easier accessible place so that none of the products are missed out. PC way- This method would be a lot more easier because it wouldnt include as many people as the manual way. This method consists of creating a spreadsheet using Microsoft Excel. While learning I discovered a all new way of using excel. I mean that if the company creates as spreadsheet and inputs the amount of the product, the expiry date and include a photo and a brief description of the product and where it is located exactly. This would only involve one persons effort and would be a lot more efficient and would provide better services to the customers. 1,6 Objectives- *Create a Spreadsheet to solve the problem. *Create a chart showing before and after. *Create a Spreadsheet with the bar-codes and date of expiry. The date of expiry must be warned a couple of days in advance. * Use professional language. * Auto-fit values. * Dont make any errors * Check formulas TWICE * Use less staff. ANALYSE 2,1 Hardware- In my solution I will be using a LCD(Liquid Cristal Display) as an output device and a scanner or a 12,0 megapixel digital camera as an Input device, this is because I will need high resolution pictures or Photos to provide the company with the solution, i will also use a baar-code scanner to introduce the products bar-code. 2,2 Software- I am going to use Windows XP professional because its easier to use that the Windows vista and more complex than the Windows 2000 Operating System. I will be using OO(Open Office) Package so that I can provide or accomplish my solution correctly, I chose this becuse it has the same functions and options as the Microsoft Office but its free and can be downloaded easily An Anti-Virus will be required in case of any viruses are introduced into the computer Via Internet, I will choose the Kaspesky Anti-Virus because its more advanced and quicker, 2,3 Data Input- Data Type Collection Input Validation Bar-code Information Product Bar-code reader Not negative Photographs Image Internet Digital camera Not negative Graph Information Spreadsheet ToolbarTools Not negative Excel formulas Formulas User Keyboard Not negative 2,4 Data processing- 2,6 back up and security- As the Document we are doing is very important we must always remember to save it, this could save us a lot of typing because if there is a power cut documents wont get erased. We should remember to save our document every 5-10 minutes ,also we need to save it when we change or insert something manually. You should save it on your PCs desktop or in My Documents also it would be intelligent to save documents on two other or externel hard disks or send it to your own e-mail. The size of the file depends on the type, for example if it is done in excel, word or powerpoint , it would also effect the size of the document if there is facy coloured writing, outstanding writing or lots of pictures. Normally a word document of 10 -12 pages with three to four coloured pictures would weigh 294 KB (302.026 bytes), this means you would be able to save three thousand more files like this on a one gigabyte pendrive. Yes, I will set up passwords to my document incase a hacker or spammer brakes in and steals my data, this way I will be sure to have a unique solution to the problem. I can set passwords to documents by going on ToolsOptionsSecurity and set up the password. The Data Protection Act means the right to protect your own data, this is a part of legislation. We might use this because we need to consider the rights we have to protect our own typed data. IMPLEMENTATION 4,1 3 to 5 printouts with errors- -Error 1- The first error committed was that some of the pictures of the products are missing. This could lead to confusion and would seem difficult to identify the product. -Error 2- The second error was that some of the dates arent in the correct format. The Dash to separate the day from the month and year are missing. -Error 3- The last error made was that the currency wasnt in a correct format, some of the values were in euros and others were in pesetas. 4,2 Screenshots I will be creating 2 graphs, one to represent the number of products expired and the number of products close to expiry. It will look like this It will be a pie chart on the top left corner with a 3D look and the key on the left. This graph will tell the user the number of products close to expiry, this will warn the staff to put the product close to expiry in the front in order to sell it soon and it wont expire. The second graph in the spreadsheet will present the number of products expired. The bars will be in pyramid shape and with a 3D look, it will be on the left hand corner. The key will be on the right and the pyramids will be dark blue. It will be from A1 to D25.They will be dark blue. This is a new and a very effective method as it shows that lots of products are expiring and it warns the user to take a step forward in order to prevent the cheese expiring. The spreadsheet will have a main, the first one is to link to sheet two and the other one to sheet three. I have added the company logo. It will have a title in bold and underlined and an attractive backgound. I have included images to identify the product correctly. This could help the staff to find the product which is close to its expiry. I have added a button to change colour to red. This is a macro. 4,3 Test Results I have checked all spellings so that no mistakes or errors are made. Also it makes the spreadsheet look more professional and gives a good impression. It gives a high influence on reader and gives a professional feeling, I have included images of the product and i have also compared them to the original product in the supermarket so that the products look and are the same and this way if the name is typed incorrectly at least the employee can look for it and correct its name. I will be including the bar-code because it will de easier lo identify the product and also a mobile phone or a cordless bar-code reader can read it easily. This would make work a lot faster because more employees can scan the products at once. The number of products has been counted and double checked. Also there is a column showing how many articles there are and the days left for their expiry. An IF formula has been created to warn the incharge if there is a product with less than 2 days left for 4,4 Objectives I have created a spreadsheet to deal with the problem I have created a chart showing the before and after. I have included dates of expiry. EVALUATION 5,1 Objectives accomplished- à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Use fewer employees à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Create a graph showing the number of products expired before and after the method. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Create a spreadsheet à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Create at least to graphs with examples showing products expired on the spreadsheet. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Use spell-check to check spellings. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Create a main menu to graphs on the spreadsheet. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Include product images à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Include dates of expiry and days left. I did use fewer employees because this method used to deal with the problem only needs employee to type in the data and possible two others to re-check dates of expiry. I did not create a graph showing the number of products expired before and after the method used to deal with the problem but instead I created a table showing this data because it is easier to find information. I confirm that I have created a spreadsheet to deal with this problem. I have created two graphs, one showing the number of products expired and the days left for expiry and the second one showing the name of the product and the number of them expired. I have used spell-check in my solution my gathering all data and pressing F7. This function uses the dictionary on the computer and corrects any errors. My spreadsheet has a main menu linking to graphs on other sheets. I did this by the hyperlink option under the insert option. I have included product images but they have been collected from the internet and arent accurate and therefore not reliable. 5,2 Test- 1. Do you think the objective number 1 has been accomplished properly? vv 2.Is the solution correct? 3.Is the layout or format correct? 4.Do you think the objectives could be improved? Or if others could be added and which? 5. Is the idea of the images correct? 6.Would it be a good idea to highlight formulas? 7.Which of the objectives do you think are invalid? 8. Which of the methods used to accomplish objectives could be improved? 9.Do you accept that it would be a better idea to create a graph rather than a table showing the products expired? 10. Do you think that the images should be taken of the actual product and not the internet? 5,3 I could improve I think that if I took the actual photo of the product it would be more reliable as it is taken of the actual article and maybe the internet gives the incorrect picture which could lead to confusion and problems. It would also be better if I check the spelling using a dictionary rather that the computers dictionary as word feed into it might be incorrect and mean something else.

Education and Globalization

Education and Globalization Globalization brings many changes to peoples lives all over the world. There are several definitions of globalization however the Merriam-Webster meaning is as follows. Globalization is the process by which businesses and other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. From shifting social norms around the globe to changing how countries do business, technological advances, and intensifying competition in the workforce, as well as, the educational field; effects of globalization are everywhere and far reaching (Carnoy, 2002). Globalization effects education all over the world. For example, due to intricate technological advances many jobs have been digitized. This means that the skill set thats required for jobs have changed dramatically. Subsequently, jobs that could once be sustained by someone with a high school diploma or less have disappeared. These global and economic changes cause shifts in the job market and are essentially changing what is needed from the education system. We now need to prepare students for jobs that require different skill sets. Employees must now be knowledgeable on foreign languages, cultures, and overall way of business to be successful in their career. For the most part the United States has been a leader in education compared to other countries. Being the first country to achieve mass collegiate education, the United States of America always had the highest number of qualified people in its labor force. This is how the American economy was able to thrive and take advantage of the global market. But does this globalization led to development or division in education? (Welch Mok, 2003) Well, in recent years countries around the world have refocused on expanding education, many of the smaller, more impoverished countries actually working together to do so. Since graduating high school is now the standard in most countries, many are now setting goals to increase the number of college attendees even working with the United Nations to provide education for all countries! Although the United States has a greater number of older workers that are well educated, many other countries have a greater number of young workers with college degrees. Nonetheless, with more high school graduates chasing college degrees and older people pursuing higher education after so many years of being out of school; this is changing too. People of all ages are pursuing higher education all over the world and with education standards changing as well, we are truly living in an era like never before. We are all preparing for an interconnected world that globalization has brought to us and education is just one small stepping stone for the high skill economy of the future (Young 1998, Brown et al. 2001). The growing importance of education is more than wanting our citizens to be smart. Countries are wanting their citizens to get educated in order to build for a future in which we are one global citizen class that works together economically and otherwise to grow our countries. This can help with foreign policy and international business transactions and trades. To be knowledgeable of a certain country is to be more accepting and understanding of said countries culture and beliefs. Appearing welcoming and friendly to different cultures will attract investments from foreign countries. This will boost the countrys economy (see OECD 1998, Campbell 2000). With a larger economy a countries revenue with increase and strengthen the country (ideally). This is another reason why the quality of education is so important. While education systems all over the world are working on improving and developing new ways to teach people; there is another way people are gaining more and more knowledge in today society. The internet. Not only is the use of computers and the internet now more common in the classroom it has also grown more common in everyday life (Martin Carnoy, 1999, pp.15-17). By using the internet society has access to different kinds of information instantaneously. This makes gaining knowledge for students as well as non-students easier and faster than ever before. This is great when used as a means for students struggling to comprehend course material or certain concepts, but with such a wide variety of information available, and it is important learners are able to distinguish between dependable and untrustworthy resources. However for countries such as China or Iran who have limited to no access online; this can make a learning different concepts or gaining certain knowledge difficult becau se their governments often block or edit information. Therefore citizens of those countries or countries similar may actually have a skewed since of the truth because not all information is given to them. In a way this widens the gap between the education progress of a developed country and an underdeveloped country/country who may be banned from viewing certain material. With technological advances making their way all around the globe (globalization), eventually all countries will have access to any information they desire. Globalization is a powerful and important process that influences economies, education systems, politics, and even social customs. With a growing sense of oneness; or we are all global citizens in one world outlooks, globalizations positive and increasing impact on education and societies growing desire to become more educated is obvious. REFERENCES Globalization. (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2017, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/globalization Lloyd, C., Payne, J. (2003). The political economy of skill and the limits of educational policy. Journal of Educational Policy, 18(1), 85-107. Pang. N. S. (2013). Globalization in the one world: Impacts on education in different nations. BCES Conference Proceedings, 11, 17-27. Suarez-Orozco, M. (2007).Learning in the global era: International perspectives on globalization and education. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, Ltd.

Effect Of The Environment On Western Settlers Essay -- essays research

Effect of the Environment on Western Settlers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the country grew and expanded, the American people where always one to push their bounds. In 1763, we proudly, defied England's proclamation of the year, and settled west of the Appalachian mountains. A little later, the westward people pushed Indians, animals, and society to a place where no American person had gone before. But all the while, one important factor determined where they transported themselves, where they settled, and what they did when they got there. This factor, the environment, profoundly affected the settlers way of life, and other factors, such as the Indians and the railroad, only aggravated a pre-existing condition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The settlers of the late 1800's had only one way to get to the west- along the pre-existing routes established by the courier-de-bois, Spanish settlers, and the Indians of the past. These routes, which flowed through the only passable areas of the Rockies, naturally led to Oregon and California, which caused an increase in the population of these regions at the time. These trails, such as the Oregon Trail to the north, the Mormon and Spanish Trail to the south, and the California and Overland trails in between were very rough and bumpy, making the trek no easy task.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the home front, the environment played an important role on the family life as well.. Women had a more prominent role in society as w...

Importance of the Monkey Garden in The House on Mango Street :: House Mango Street

Importance of the Monkey Garden in The House on Mango Street Life as a kid is effortless, where the only motive is to have fun. Some people never want to have responsibility and complexity that comes with being an adult as they realize they must take accountability sometime. Likewise in "The House on Mango Street" by Sandra Cisneros, Esperanza tries her best to avoid is renegade against the normal expectations of women on Mango Street. Esperanza's only way to avoid having to become part of the adult world around her, is by entering The Monkey Garden where she gets to be a kid. Esperanza's depiction of the serene and carefree descriptions of the garden contrast the confused and disturbed attitude Esperanza has towards Sally and the boys' game. As she finally realizes she cannot remain a kid forever, Esperanza feel alienated and alone. Esperanza's overwhelmed tone reveals her fear and doggedness to adversity when sally's game defiles the garden's innocence/purity, exposing Esperanza to the realization that she cannot remain a kid forever. Esperanza's syntax reveals that innocence is irrevocable. Reminiscing of the Monkey Garden Esperanza "suppose[s], the reason why [they] went there" was because it was "Far away from where [their] mothers could find [them]"Cisneros (95). In the garden the kids were able to play without any adults around. The garden became a place of rejuvenation for Esperanza, where only kids were allowed and the horrors of the adult world remain unnoticed. Esperanza observes, "Things had a way of disappearing in the garden, as if the garden itself ate them, or, as if with its old-man memory, it put them away and forgot them."(95). This shows that the garden was a place where things easily went unnoticed and it was not uncommon to loose things. For Esperanza, this represents the place where she is forced into her loss of childhood, and comparing this to a forgetful old man makes sense since when people mature they loose their innocence and childlike attributes. When the boys stole Sally's keys "they were all laughing" and "[Sally] was too" however, "It was a joke [Esperanza] didn't get"(96). The boys take advantage of Sally by stealing her keys so Sally seizes the opportunity to be able to flirt back with them.

Commentary on ‘Daddy’ and ‘The Arrival of the Bee Box’ By Sylvia Plath Essay

Sylvia Plath was born in 1932 to Otto Plath, a German immigrant and Aurelia Plath, an American of Austrian descent. She had a very troubled life, suffering extreme depression and emotional trauma before she committed suicide in 1963 by putting her head into a gas oven. Most of her poems reflect this distress and reveal the sorrows of her short life. The poems ‘Daddy and ‘The Arrival of the Bee Box’ are both sad and gloomy poems which highlight many aspects of her life and perhaps reason out why she was forced to kill herself. Both the poems are directly or indirectly related to the two most important and influential men of Sylvia’s life- her father, and her husband Ted Hughes, who himself was a poet. She loved both men, but both of them dominated her and gave her pain and misery which made her life unhappy. As the title suggests, the poem ‘Daddy’ is primarily about her father, but many references are also made to Ted Hughes. ‘The Arrival of the Bee Box’ is more about herself, but in spite of that the reader has to know the nature of these two men to understand the poem completely and derive a meaning from it. ‘Daddy’ highlights the relationship of Sylvia and her father. Sylvia’s father died when she was just ten. This was the time when she adored her father and his death meant a lot to her. But the poem shows the immense hatred she has towards him as she gradually realized how he oppressed her and dominated her life. To use the word ‘daddy’ as the title of the poem is in a way ironical because although the poem is about Sylvia’s father, the word doesn’t fit in particularly well, as it is usually used in a positive way, not in a pessimistic and dark way. The poem has a lot of imagery, metaphors and similes which illustrates Sylvia’s anger towards her father and husband and gives the poem a dark tone. In the poem Sylvia has compared her father to a ‘black shoe’ while has called herself a foot living in it for thirty years. Usually a shoe’s job is to protect or comfort the foot, not to make it feel trapped and helpless. Her father was so authoritarian, that he made Sylvia feel just that. Although her father died when she was ten, she says that she lived like the foot for thirty years, â€Å"barely daring to breathe or achoo†. This shows that her father’s nature haunted her even after he died, as it left such a profound and negative psychological mark on her. The word ‘black’ can be related to death and makes us think of the shoe like a coffin. The idea of a coffin can also be related in the other poem, ‘The Arrival of the Bee Box’, when Sylvia calls the bee box a midget’s coffin. Sylvia’s father was a zoology and bee expert, and so again we can notice how she has created a dark atmosphere with everything related to her father. On an abstract level, the ‘bee box’ can be thought of as Sylvia’s brain and the bees as her thoughts. The idea of her thoughts being trapped inside a coffin shows how depressed and unhappy she is. The imagery of ‘Daddy’ is very vivid and striking. Sylvia calls her father a Nazi as she writes, â€Å"With your Luftwaffe, your gobbledygoo. And you’re neat moustache and your Aryan eye, bright blue†. She compares her father to Hitler, highlighting how cruel and heartless he was. She calls herself a Jew, indicating how he used his authority to oppress her. Such thoughts make us refer to the Holocaust, in which Jews were tortured and killed by the German Nazis. Although Sylvia was dominated by her father, she has used a Hyperbole to describe the situation. According to me her father must not have been as ruthless as Hitler. She has just used this comparison to express her immeasurable hatred towards him. She has further developed images of her father by calling him a vampire-someone who doesn’t kill a person, but haunts it all his life by sucking his blood. She is trying to say that although her father is dead, his character will torment her forever. The imagery of ‘The Arrival of the Bee Box’ is also strong. We get a clear picture of the bees struggling in the dark box illustrating how Sylvia is thinking and feeling. We get a feeling that her thoughts are tormenting her and that she is in a disturbed state of mind. She compares her thoughts to a Roman Mob and says she is not Julius Caesar to control them. Although it is not mentioned, we know that Sylvia is in such a state of mind because of her broken marriage with Ted Hughes. She might be feeling cheated as Ted Hughes left her for another woman. She must be feeling insecure and lonely and cannot in any way run away from her thoughts. In ‘Daddy’ Sylvia also says that she found her father’s resemblance in Ted Hughes, who also dominated her and broke her heart. Here she compares their torture to the medieval methods of the rack and the screw which were cruel and bloody. The tone of the poem is of fear and a little bit of anger, blaming her father and her husband for giving her such a horrid life and simultaneously feeling scared of all that has happened to her in the past. The tone of ‘The Arrival of the Bee Box’ is different, as she is sort of blaming herself for what she thinks. She is agitated with herself because she cannot get rid of her negative thoughts. The last two stanzas of both the poems are very strong and demonstrate an attitude of power and authority from Sylvia. In ‘daddy’ the tone changes from fear to anger when Sylvia says, â€Å"Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I’m through†. One feels that she has overcome all her fears to finally stand up to her father and speak with confidence and fight back. In ‘The Arrival of the Bee Box† she shows that she has power when she says, â€Å"Tomorrow I will be sweet God, I will set them free†. But here she makes it a point to tell the reader that she will not misuse her authority like the way Otto Plath and Ted Hughes did. In the last line of the poem she says that the box is only temporary, showing that she will make an effort to remove those thoughts from her mind, which is a positive end to the poem.

Negotiating in China

What a coincidence that I was Just learning â€Å"negotiation in China†, but I failed in a real negotiation exactly on the point our professor asked me and my team member to work on. It's durance and The eight elements of Negotiation in China are: (personal connections), (intermediary), status), BaffinГ(interpersonal harmony), (holistic thinking), if+(face), and relentlessness) I and another classmate were assigned with the task of making presentation on â€Å"durance and relentlessness(chick nail)†.By reading the materials given, We need to understanding this element and know how it is working in Chinese negotiation, then according to this understanding, finding out the problems in another case,which is, how that general manager(American person) get into trouble in Negotiating with her Chinese counterpart. I Just read the materials and then my Job task distracted me from finishing my school assignment. There is a tender project fox+Y Million, and it's divided into two parts, X + Y million separately.I was the main negotiator for the sub-project of X. We are called by the buyer to go to the negotiation Just one night before, in otherworld, they leave us no time to prepare thoroughly. Touchstone day, early in the morning, we started from the Hamilton one, after 3 hours intensive bargain on price, they are still having big gap in their expectations, what's more, each party was still at their original position, with very shuttle move. Then we made a pause and went for lunch.After lunch, they again avian big differences in expectation. Then they made a pause again, and come to our part- the X part. Seeing that it was such a difficult negotiation for them, we wanted to do it faster and be more direct and efficient. Therefore, we made concessions on their demands much quicker. Then the problem came, due to this quick concession, we lost our position, and we were pushed again and again, and our price got lower and lower, until we get to a common resu lt, a much lower selling price than we expected!Then they came back again to Y part, another round of slow and difficult negotiation, each party standing on their own position. Finally both made concessions and got to a final result. Remembering how they were negotiating, doing the presentation on Chinese negotiation today, especially on the chick nail( durance and relentlessness) part. I suddenly understand what I missed. I was trying to get it more direct and efficient. Found out the result was not as expected. In many cases, people need to be prepared with more durance and

Academic Honesty Essay

We can identify some forms of academic dishonesty as, copied exams, this implies to turn and see another student’s test, receiving or giving verbal and / or nonverbal, change the tests, hiding notes, or modification of quizzes. It can also occur in tasks, jobs and projects. It is possible to pass the task among students, falsify data, lack of contribution to a team, and hire someone to make their work. Other types can be present even with bribes or threats against the teacher. Through the plagiarism, the student gives the impression that you cannot learn or that do not want to learn. Also, you may not have a good relationship between student and teacher. â€Å"The love of learning is the most effective strategy to combat academic dishonesty. † Below are some reasons for plagiarism: – Reduced interest in learning – Plagiarism is easy to do – Many students are more interested in the grade than in the learning process – They are busy working or doing other things – Non appreciation of the knowledge Why is Academic Dishonesty Happening? Society has communicated the concept that students need to acquire a degree for future employment, financial security, and personal reasons (Choi, 2009; Cohen ; Brawer, 2003; McCabe, Butterfield, ; Trevino, 2006). And students often believe they will receive higher salaries from future employers if they have exceptional grades throughout their college careers (Norton, Tilley, Newstead, ; Franklyn-Stokes, 2001). This is a reality that plenty of students are living. Plenty of them are lucky enough like me, to get the job they’ve always wanted before they earn a degree. â€Å"Indeed, plagiarism and cheating are reflections of the need to get good grades at all cost; and, they continue to be serious problems in academia† (Danielsen, Simon, ; Pavlick, 2006; Fontana, 2009; Lipka, 2009; McCabe, 2009; McCabe et al. , 2006; Rosamond, 2002; Wilkerson, 2009). This is causing that some –early professionals- just try their best to rush their way into a degree without paying any attention to their assignments. In the beginning it was like that for me because honestly, I felt I was not learning anything. My reality was that I learned â€Å"everything† in the field. But soon enough I realized that college is not necessarily the place to learn specific topics, is the place where you were how to manage your knowledge and put it in the best use. At the end of the day academic dishonesty is a behavior that makes students gain an unfair advantage and it need to be avoid. â€Å"The risk of plagiarism in academic settings can be reduced by not setting the same essay every year. Burnard (2002) reflected on the possibility of plagiarism extending beyond coursework essays to dissertations. He felt that written examinations may reduce the problem (Burnard 2002). Doing our job correctly will guaranty that we learn in the process and also that we will get the grade we worked for. In my case, I am writing this paper because due to wrong quotation, it was understood that used someone else information as mine. In order to avoid this in the future, students have to make sure to follow the guidelines when it comes to proper citation. It very important to have credit to whom deserves it, and that’s why double checking and practicing the properly citation its key in order to have a clean paper. Now, we have to be clear that any material that is consider as common knowledge does not have to be cited. Also, field-specific common knowledge does not need citation unless it contains facts from a specific source. As I mentioned, my case was because of wrong citing, but at the end of the day the consequences are the same as of a student stealing information an using it for an assignment. Professors take this very seriously because it is not fair to the students who spend hours working. â€Å"‘This is superior work,’ wrote a professor on a student’s paper. ‘ It was excellent when Saint Thomas Aquinas wrote it, just as it is today. Saint Thomas gets an A. You get an F†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (Alschuler and Blimling 1995, p. 123). We must understand that dishonesty in the classroom is a serious issue, it is not just a cheating situation, it is considered for some professionals as a crime that deserves a penalty. Plagiarism can be done very easily, and it can even happen when proper citation has been done. Another way to avoid plagiarism, could be by paraphrasing and adding the name of the author; for example: â€Å"According to Carlos Santana, guitars became famous in†¦ † it is a way of giving credit and making your sentences flow in a better way. I will conclude this paper by saying that we all know what plagiarism is, by this I mean that every single student know what is good and bad and academic dishonest will end when we start being honest with ourselves, our instructors and why not, also our classmates. It is true that at time it can be difficult to complete certain assignments, but there is nothing that can’t be fixed with communication. Sending an email to out instructor or asking for help will make the learning experience better and will guide us away from plagiarizing a document. Reference: – Choi, Cohen, and Brawer. International Journal of Business and Social Science. 3rd ed. Vol. 3. N. p. : n. p. , 2012. Print – Burnard P. All your own work? Essays and the internet. Nurse Education Today. 22, 3, 187-188. (2002) – Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 11th ed. Springfield, Mass. Merriam-Webster, Inc. ; 2003:946.

HR Dissertation †Iconicity and hubris

Abstract This paper outlines the importance of iconicity and hubris in the context of modern architecture. Significant applications of the phenomenon identified as Starchitects and their contribution to developing a new mode of architecture are presented in this study. The main objective of the study is to explore the failures of iconic buildings created by Starchitects, by focusing on various aspects including economical and political, social and ethical, and environmental and evolutionary. In order to meet these research objectives, the researcher uses non-empirical research method in the sense of collecting relevant information from secondary resources. The most important conclusion presented in the study is that iconic buildings are perceived as egocentric representations of the improperly constructed ambitions of Starchitects. Chapter 1: Introduction In the 21st century, global developers have demonstrated their strong willingness to use the potential of Starchitects in order to create monumental buildings. The boom of Starchitects in modernity can be explained with the rapid process of globalisation as well as economic progress and development (Marshall, 2000). Designs of such architects are usually perceived as iconic dominated by extensive visibility and unique characteristics that contribute to the appeal of these buildings. It has been argued that the use of Starchitects is an innovative way to expand tourism in different sites across the world. The design of prestige buildings around the world has been marked by the simple idea to make a difference in producing specific landmarks for cities (King, 1990). The motives for the establishment of particular landmarks adhere to the specificity of Starchitects who are a product of their sponsors and organisations, which actively seek to present continuous innovation in the architec tural field. Different examples of iconic buildings can be found globally, such as the Imperial War Museum North (2002) based in Greater Manchester, UK, and the Seattle Central Library (2004) based in Washington, US. Similar buildings have been highly criticised since the time of their construction. This implies the existence of controversies surrounding some of the most famous buildings around the world especially at modern times. Perceived as an attitude, modernity can coexist with traditional architectural patterns. Modernity is mainly concerned with transformation of the present and tries to ensure such an aspect in emblematic buildings. Modern architectural patterns as evident in the pieces created by Starchitects implement the latest in composite materials and composite structural technology (Marshall, 2000). Accordingly, the growth of the cities has generated the needs for the incorporation of all the elements that define a developing civilisation, allowing them to seek out identity in the infrastructural resources that are found within them and their capability to communicate with others and represent themselves in international entrepreneurial matters (Reutskaja and Nueno, 2009). While the development of the architectural landmarks creates the possibility of increasing the tourism attraction to the sites, expositions and events are necessary to highlight and showcase these developments thus creating a means of investment for the local authorities and foreign investors. The main aim of the study is to provide a relevant understanding of the aspects of iconicity and hubris as applied to the work of Starchitects. The following objectives have been outlined for the study: To outline the economic and political failures of iconic buildings; To discuss the impact of social and ethical failures of iconic buildings; To present environmental (urban & natural) failures of iconic buildings; To explore the relevance of evolutionary perspectives Chapter 1 is introduction and sets the context for the present study. Chapter 2 is the literature review providing adequate information relating to the explored topic in the thesis. Chapter 3 outlines the research methodology used in the study. Chapter 4 consists of research findings, discussion and analysis of findings. Chapter 5 concludes the study and provides specific recommendations pertaining to the main research questions and objectives. Chapter 2: Literature Review Three important subject matter terms identified in this thesis are Starchitects, iconicity and hubris. A Starchitect is referred to as an architect who is quite famous as a result of the high-profile creations being presented by him or her to the public (Reutskaja and Nueno, 2009). Iconicity is a term relating to the specific characteristics of an icon or something emblematic in the context of architecture (Glendinning, 2012). Hubris indicates a high level of self-assurance and thus is identified as extensive pride or self-confidence. In a book by Glendinning (2012), the focus is on the pitfalls of global modernism demonstrated in the creation of various architectural buildings globally. The main argument introduced by the researcher is that architecture has been apparently spectacularised, which has led to alienated architectural pieces and individuals. It has been indicated that the so-called iconic buildings have insignificant social and historical integrity, implying that the aspect of iconicity has been replaced by triviality that shows inappropriate identified architectural objectives (Jacobs, 1961). The type of iconic buildings created by famous Starchitects has expanded criticism in recent years, as outlined by Glendinning (2012). These buildings have been presented as competing for attention on the skyline and in the mass media. Similarly, Sudjic (2005) indicates doubts in the authenticity and properly intended purpose of iconic buildings. Moreover, researchers have considered iconicity as a distinct type of architectural tourism, which reflects in buildings intended for urban travel destinations (Specht, 2014). Kent (2010) implies that architecture’s status has been changed from iconic to extraordinary in the process of exploring architectural buildings’ effect on a sense of place. Such a sense has been explored by Rybczynski (2008) with a focus on the Bilbao effect or the Bilbao anomaly representing a costly iconic failure. The Bilbao effect, as shown in an article by Martin (2013), creates controversies and thus the researcher presents a warning about the perceived negative impact of Starchitects’ iconic buildings on local cities and states. Iconic architecture has been identified as a substantial failure, as argued in an article by Romaniuk (2010). The author of the research has presented convincing arguments relating to the manipulation of the mass media trying to create a desirable vision of iconic architecture. Such manipulation is evident in emotionally charged architectural projects including the Freedom Tower for Ground Zero (Romaniuk, 2010). It has been argued that the decline of belief and the extensive growth of pluralism have led to the emergence of iconic buildings that are unable to fulfil the objectives of authentic iconography (Reutskaja and Nueno, 2009). In addition, the legitimacy of identifying particular buildings as iconic can be judged with time, disregarding the mass media’s projected implications of successful architectural buildings solely based on sociological and financial profitability. Based on the major studies presented in the literature review, it can be concluded that buildings shou ld be constantly assessed in terms of the values with which they are associated. Chapter 3: Research Methodology The type of research methodology used in this study is non-empirical research design, which is suitable to explore the relationship between iconicity and hubris. Arguments are based on evidence and credible opinion provided in secondary resources (Yanow and Schwartz-Shea, 2006). The major aspect relating to non-empirical research is the focus on data previously gathered by researchers in the field of architecture rather than gathering a new set of data. This research framework is often associated with the purposes of humanities and natural philosophy. One of the most important elements of this type of research methodology, as applied in the present study, is review of existing literature as the focus is to provide sufficient arguments in order to accomplish the previously stated research objectives (MacNealy, 1998). The systematic review of existing literature on the subject implies not only prior knowledge and adequate research skills but also ability to use a distinct form of meta- analysis in an attempt to reach conclusions which are important for the study. It has been noted that non-empirical research analysis suggests a significant amount of varying interpretations of the information obtained from secondary resources. A strong sense of intellectual inquiry is essential in this type of research because the process of acquiring knowledge is accomplished through valid critical and analytical interpretations of the research material (MacNealy, 1998). In fact, it is important to emphasise on the reinterpretation of consolidated information on the issues of iconicity and hubris within the new framework presented in this study. Thus, critical reflection is part of non-empirical research analysis, which is demonstrated in the present research. There is a solid focus on propositions for theory relating to the iconic dimensions of modern buildings across the world (Yanow and Schwartz-Shea, 2006). The development of a particular approach to the present study is a well-structured process that starts with the identification of a focal issue, in pa rticular the exploration of iconicity and hubris including their impact on the perception of emblematic buildings created by Starchitects. Once the first step outlined in the research approach is completed, it is important to move into a direction of identifying key forces contributing to a better interpretation of the research problem. The researcher is expected to postulate such driving forces as well as to present the factors that have been considered the most significant for the completion of the research (Deleeuw et al., 2010). In addition, it is anticipated that systemic logic should be used to present critically the major arguments obtained from secondary resources. The final step of the presented research approach is to submit the entire research to critical consideration (Yanow and Schwartz-Shea, 2006). It can be concluded that the acquisition of non-empirical knowledge can facilitate the process of obtaining relevant information, which would further expand the research to a new stage in the sense of providing an adequate answer and explanation to the research question. Chapter 4: Research Findings & Discussion and Analysis of Findings The main research findings obtained from the critical evaluation of secondary resources are grouped in different subsections of this chapter in order to focus on emerging aspects relating to iconicity and hubris in a more direct manner.Economical and Political Instances/ Cases of FailureA significant research finding demonstrated in this study is that of the impact of creating iconic buildings on the economy. Specific cases indicating hubris refer to Calatrava and Valencia, as Valencia has been recognised as a city of arts and sciences. Starchitects’ sense of hubris is evident in these cases and comes to show that architecture has entered a new mode of development. Although praised by some and rejected by others, the emblematic buildings created by Starchitects imply a substantial amount of efforts invested in presenting the philosophy of iconicity in architecture (Glendinning, 2012). According to Martin (2013), the opening of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao serves as a releva nt example of how iconicity has been used as a substantial indicator to measure the direct impact on the economy. It can be suggested that the creation of iconic buildings around the world, such as in locations in Saudi Arabia, Australia, Albania and Brazil, has raised the question of the perceived economic effect of similar activities (Reutskaja and Nueno, 2009). The dimension of commercialisation cannot be disregarded, as the sole motivating factor behind the so-called iconicity and hubris can be found in the idea of generating substantial profits from architectural tourism, which is dominated by emblematic building. Another essential aspect can be also indicated in terms of considering Starchitects’ intention to fill vast spaces, but this tends to create a negative effect among some individuals. According to researchers, the hostage of international mega events is one of the most powerful tools that a city can use for show-casting of resources and development, as well as the development of architectural identities that have come to be defined within the industry as ‘destination images’ (Reutskaja and Nueno, 2009). In this context, specific contemporary events have come to be synonymous with commercial rivalry between cities as well as the transnational environment, as different regions struggle to attract more investors and consumer spending. In light of this, with the increase in pressure for the cities to expand their entrepreneurial stance as they aim at increasing their attraction to mobile capital, the cities have to make considerations on their investments. It would be less economical for them to carry out development if they are not going to realise monetary gain after the renovations. Strong competition is existent within most of today’s cities-th e competition being amongst the city investors themselves as well with other cities that may wish to host different events and expositions that are aimed at increasing the economic wellbeing of the region. For this reason, the completion of iconic buildings by Starchitects has increased from the regional and local scenes, stemming into international and global scales and requiring the integration of the political, social and infrastructural frontiers (Glendinning, 2012). Accordingly, the growth of the cities has generated the needs for the incorporation of all the elements that define a developing civilisation, allowing them to seek out identity in the infrastructural resources that are found within them and their capability to communicate with others and represent themselves in international entrepreneurial matters (Martin, 2013). While the development of the architectural landmarks creates the possibility of increasing the tourism attraction to the sites, expositions and events ar e necessary to highlight and showcase these developments thus creating a means of investment for the local authorities and foreign investors. For the most part, the mere presence of a beautiful square or a religious monument within a city cannot be enough for the modern city. In order to gain recognition as a modern city of the 21st century, a large portfolio of architectural development projects is necessary so increase the output, aesthetics and general appeal of the city to the outside world, as it is illustrated in the case of iconic buildings (Glendinning, 2012). The portfolio includes various strategies that are used by the local development councils in increasing the architectural resources found within the premises as well as the input by multinational organisations within this development in lieu of the rules that are used by Starchitects. As growth is experienced in today’s cities, individuals can witness how similar design implementations are used in different cities, with transformations of the existent architectures aiding in the provision of superiority and identity (Marshall, 2000). The last two decad es have seen the rise of the ‘megacity’ phenomenon, with small scale and often ‘off the grid’ cities being uplifted to city stardom through the regeneration of existent architectures and the inclusion of socio-cultural events around the creation of these resources. As global cities develop, cultural and communal events have been moved to these venues creating a sense of appreciation for their existence and a need for their improvement. Another finding that emerged from the research is that iconic buildings are perceived as a powerful tool to redefine the economical and political image of cities and countries in which they are constructed (Reutskaja and Nueno, 2009). The economic impact of these buildings has been extensively considered in order to present adequate conclusions about the state of regional economies. It cannot be denied that the presence of many iconic buildings in different locations across the world has improved the economic well-being of residents. Based on the results obtained from conducting non-empirical research, it can be argued that there are both cases of economical and political successes and failures associated with the construction of iconic buildings. This finding is confirmed in a research by Reutskaja and Nueno (2009) who provide evidence of the positive impact on employment in the region due to the emergence of iconic buildings and the essential element of hubris attached to them. The construction of such buildings is directly linked with the creation of a substantial number of jobs in different countries as well as greater contribution to the local government budgets in terms of taxes and duties. Another positive economic impact is related to additional employment in manufacturing processes for organisations that are responsible for the construction of iconic buildings. However, the negative economic effects of the erection of emblematic buildings should not be ignored (Rybczynski, 2008). For instance, a significant economic drawback is associated with the higher fees that are usually charged by Starchitects, indicating their egocentric factors of motivation used in the construction of similar buildings. A consideration of the challenges of cost estimations and over-budgeting should be considered in order to determine the precise economical and political impact of iconic buildings.Social & Ethical Instances/ Cases of FailureThe representation of iconic building s has been also linked with specific social and ethical implications. There are extensive examples that indicate hubris of the involved Starchitects. These are Zaha Hadid’s Qatar Stadium and Patrik Schumacher’s rant at 2014 architecture biennale. It appears that the mentioned buildings carry out the ‘pride’ of their creators in terms of involved efforts to make a lasting impression on the public. Moreover, it has been discovered that the aspect of public alienation is among the main factors contributing to the increasing social and ethical instances of failed iconic buildings. Starchitects have been identified as losing their appeal because they have consistently adhered to the philosophy of constructing architectural buildings of excess (Glendinning, 2012). As a result, it frequently appears that architectural design of certain buildings around the world is dominated by excessive elements, which create an irrelevant perception among people. The present st udy also indicated that architecture is in a new era of development in the sense of focussing on the possibilities that technology has to offer. Yet, this raises the question whether such modern architecture succeeds in serving the needs of humanity (Kent, 2010). The answer to this question is complex considering the multiple effects created by the specific line or mode of architecture followed by Starchitects. However, it can be stated that architecture apparently emerges as an art that cannot be avoided by any means. An ethical instance of failed iconic buildings is related to the morality and controversy of such pieces of modern architecture. For example, Patrik Schumacher was accused of being motivated by an aspect identified as ‘misguided political correctness’. It has been argued that architects should try their best not to confuse architecture and art. A relevant finding revealed in this context is that architecture is actually found in charge of the specific form of the built environment (Glendinning, 2012). It is important to emphasise that one of the major duties of architects in contemporary society is to deliver a strong aspect of social justice. However, it should be indicated that Starchitects’ works have raised a series of ethical and moral concerns (Martin, 2013). In Qatar, migrant workers died at a stadium which is currently under construction, as this intensifies social anxiety and fear relating to the purpose and means utilised by Starchitects in their egocent ric representations found in modern buildings. It has been claimed that architects are not responsible for the death of these migrant workers, but the question of the moral and ethical parameters of such iconic buildings still remains persistent in the minds of individuals.Environmental and Evolutionary Instances/ Cases of Failure & Evolutionary PerspectivesThe issue of discussing Starchitects’ hubris reflects in numerous examples, such as Lloyds building and Calatrava & Valencia. The main aspect that was revealed in the study from an environmental perspective is that of the creation of defective masterpieces of architecture. It can be argued that such architectural creations have been resulted of the over-ambition of Starchitects (Glendinning, 2012). The example of Lloyd’s of London as anticipating leaving its iconic headquarters clearly illustrates the assumption of environmental failure. In fact, it has been indicated that the major problem with this building is its exposure to the elements making it an extremely costly structure (Martin, 2013). Cases of failure like this one point out that the technological advances of modern architecture have outpaced the simple ability of Starchitects to adeptly utilise them. The failure of emblematic buildings to meet strict functional requirements is indicative of their inappropriate environmental impact. Another example of a failed iconic building, as seen through the environmental lens, is seen at Calatrava’s City of Arts and Sciences complex in Valencia. Only eight years after the completion of this project, certain parts of the construction started falling off. Such an instance of architectural failure confirms major findings outlined in the literature review section regarding the failures of contemporary iconic buildings (Reutskaja and Nueno, 2009; Romaniuk, 2010). The research findings indicated that both architects and developers are extensively focussed on erecting icons, but the results frequently turn out in a negative direction. The ambitions of Starchitects seemed to have contributed to the emergence of inappropriately maintained pieces of architecture in modernity (Romaniuk, 2010). In this sense, it can be argued that the architectural fabric is completely disregarded by Starchitects. Yet, a main problem created with iconic buildings is that they often produce one-lined response, which has become rather problematic for the entire functioning of the cities where these buildings are situated. Assessing the environmental impact of iconic buildings is a complex process relating to the interrelations of factors such as place, function and history (Rybczynski, 2008). Based on the research findings outlined in this study, it is important to state that iconic buildings have completely changed their status in the sense that people more and more start abandoning the idea of iconicity attached to similar pieces of modern architecture. The negative environmental impact of emblematic buildings cannot be ignored in the discussion of the ambitions of Starchitects and how those ambitions reflect in the buildings constructed by them. Changing the status of Starchitects’ buildings from iconic to extraordinary one is indicative of the way the public has altered its perceptions regarding the contributions of modern-day architects. Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations This paper explored the implications of iconicity and hubris relating to architectural pieces created by Starchitects. Numerous aspects associated with this issue have been thoroughly investigated to include different perspectives and instances of hubris, such as economical and political instances of failure, social and ethical instances as well as environmental instances of how the concept of iconicity in modern architecture has been unsuccessful. It has been concluded that these architectural creations are merely economically and socially disruptive egocentric representations of the irrelevant ambitions manifested by Starchitects. The study illustrated how these emblematic constructions built by Starchitects have presented main failures with long-term social and ethical implications (Glendinning, 2012). As a result, it was demonstrated that the creations of Starchitects cannot be perceived anymore as iconic, as the aspect of iconicity has been simply replaced by so-called extraordi nary dimensions of perceiving similar buildings (Martin, 2013). The research method used in this study referred to the framework of non-empirical research analysis, which has been found suitable to meet the study’s main aim and objectives. This type of method allowed for greater flexibility in exploring specific concepts related to the impact of iconicity and hubris on the development of modern architecture (Sudjic, 2005). Moreover, the study identified that architecture has entered into a new stage of development with both positive and negative aspects that should be discussed thoroughly to understand the specific impact of Starchitects’ ambitions (Glendinning, 2012). However, certain limitations can be identified for the present study. The major limitation refers to the use of non-empirical research method. Instead, the researcher could have utilised empirical research method that could have contributed to achieving greater credibility and reliability of research findings (MacNealy, 1998). Another limitation relates to the specific literature that has been selected for obtaining results. Broader literature could have been used to cover the main arguments illustrated in the study (Yanow and Schwartz-Shea, 2010). In terms of recommendations, it is essential to note that the explored subject is quite complex and thus requires the implementation of multiple perspectives to understanding the wide array of impacts relating to the architectural works of Starchitects. Thus, it is recommended to conduct an in-depth primary research involving modern architects from different countries, as they can provide insightful suggestions regarding the development of a modern era in architecture (Glendinning, 2012). This recommendation also indicates a solid focus on including suggestions for future research in the field in order to bring the topic of iconicity and hubris of architectural buildings to new horizons of research exploration (Martin, 2013). 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